The aim of this paper is to consider whether critical rationalism has any ideas which could usefully be applied to the internet.  Today we tend to take the internet for granted and it is easy to forget that it was only about two decades ago that it began to be used to any significant extent. Accordingly in section 1 of the paper, there is a brief consideration of the history of the internet.  At first sight this makes it looks implausible that any of Popper’s ideas could be applicable to the internet, since Popper died before the internet came into general use.  However, section 2 argues that Popper’s theory of World 3 does apply very well to the internet.  This application is significant because, as shown in section 3, it leads to the problem of misinformation, which is one of the most significant problems generated by the internet.  In section 4 there is an attempt to solve this problem using ideas taken from Popper’s epistemology. It is argued that there should be changes in education designed to prepare students for the internet age. Teaching in the internet age should focus on presenting to the students not just the accepted theories but also the evidence on which they are based. An illustration of how this might be done is given by considering an example from science teaching, namely the teaching of Newtonian mechanics in the last years of school or first years of university.

This study aimed at determining the relationship between high-school teenagers' sensation seeking with their internet dependency. This study was laid out in Tabriz. In order to study this case, among high school students in five districts of Tabriz, 384 were randomly selected. In order to collect data, Zuckerman sensation seeking standard questionnaire, and Young internet addiction was used. The results showed that there was a positive significant difference between sensations seeking with internet addiction and there was a negative significant difference between subscale experiences seeking with internet addiction and there was a significant difference between experiences seeking, dysphonic and disinheriting with internet addiction. The regression results showed that boredom susceptibility and disinheriting were suitable predictor for internet addiction.

In order to study this case, among high school students in five districts of Tabriz, 384 were randomly selected. In order to collect data, personality neo-Short Form (NEO - FFI) and Young internet addiction were to be used. The results of test showed that among five factors personality. There is a positive and significant relation between flexibility and mental Neuroticism with internet addiction and also there is a negative relation among being conscientious, pleasant and extroversion.The regression results also showed that there is no connection between mental Neuroticism, extroversion, and flexibility with the internet Addiction.

Introduction: internet addiction is considered a psychological disorder. In this research, the effect of internet dependence on organizational commitment was studied.Methods: It was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of this research consisted of all nursing staff working in Kermanshah Hospitals. The sample size was calculated as 181 using Cochran's formula. The data collection tools were a demographic questionnaire, Young's internet Dependency Questionnaire, and Alan and Mayer Organizational Commitment Questionnaire. The questionnaires were validated by professors and their reliability was confirmed using Cronbach's alpha coefficient (For internet addiction questionnaire it was 0.81 and for organizational commitment questionnaire 0.79).Results: The prevalence of internet dependence among nurses indicated that 8.2% were normal, 71.7% mild, 18.8% moderate and 1.1% were severe. Also, the mean score of organizational commitment of nurses in Kermanshah Hospitals showed that the mean of nurses' organizational commitment was 3.51±0.85 and among the components of organizational commitment, emotional commitment was higher than other factors. Pearson correlation between internet dependency and organizational commitment showed a significant correlation (-0.701), which indicates a negative and meaningful relationship between these two components.Conclusion: The less the use of inappropriate and unusable internet among nurses in Kermanshah hospitals, the more their organizational commitment.

Objectives: The present study examined excessive internet use of youths with moderate Cerebral Palsy (CP) and their psychological states in Sensation Seeking (SS).Methods: This study followed descriptive and correlation research design. Individuals aged 15 to 25 years with CP who were referred to Tehran rehabilitation centers were considered in the study. The study sample (n=150) was randomly divided into two groups of internet dependents (n=75; boys=45 and girls=30) and non-dependents (n=75; boys=45 and girls=30). internet Addiction Test and Sensation Seeking Scale have been used for data gathering. Data were analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficients, multivariable regression, x2 and T tests.Results: Compared to non-dependents, the internet dependent group reported significantly more negative internet influences on daily routines such as clinical problems, poor school performance, regular nutrition, and relation with friends and family members. Both the groups pointed that internet use enhanced virtual peer relationships and provided up-to-date information. internet dependents (both gender) scored significantly higher on disinhibition sensation seeking subscale than the internet non-dependents. However, these two groups (both gender) did not demonstrate significant differences in life experience seeking and thrill and adventure seeking subscales, but their differences were sizable.Discussion: It seems that internet applications direct or indirectly motive users to be online for more hours than necessary. This is true for CP patients given their motor impairment. Based on this research result, it seems that persons with CP because of lack of physical activities, motive by internal stimulus and seeking their sensation from external stimulus like internet application as well as for person with CP surfing in internet world and spent too much time on the internet is leisure time not activity time.

Purpose: Introduction: One of the most recent problems of the technology era is the use of extreme or addiction to the internet, which has caused mental and social disorders, especially in young people. The present study aimed to investigate the degree of dependence, recognition of the relationship and the prediction of the mental health of internet user students based on dependence on the internet.Method: This research was a descriptive and correlational study. The population included students aged 14 to 18 years old in Baku and Tehran in 2015. The samples were selected by cluster sampling method.250 students using the internet were selected from Baku and 250 students using the internet were selected from Tehran. To collect data, the Young’s internet Addiction Test (IAT) and Goldberg’s General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were used and data analysis was performed at two descriptive (mean, percentage, standard deviation) and inferential levels ((Regression and Pearson).Findings: According to the level of internet dependency, 43.4% were mild and 24.8% moderate and 23.4% were severe addicts and internet addicts. The level of internet dependency is a positive and significant predictor of general health (R2=0.38). Physical health (R2=0.32) is anxiety (R2=0.43) and depression (R2=0.39), but between internet dependency and social function is not significant.Conclusion: The level of internet dependency predict mental health components (physical health, anxiety and depression) but is poor in explaining social functioning. There is a positive and significant relationship between the level of internet dependency and physical health, anxiety and depression of internet user students.

the extreme use or addiction to the internet has caused psychological and social disorders, especially in young people. This study was conducted with the aim of examining and comparing the dependence level, recognizing the relationship between internet addiction and mental health and comparing psychosocial characteristics of internet user students. This was a descriptive and correlation study. The statistical population of the study was students from 14 to 18 years old in Baku and Tehran City. Among the internet user students, 250 students were selected from Tehran and 250 ones from Baku using cluster sampling. Data were gathered from Yang internet Addiction Questionnaire IAT and Goldberg General Health Questionnaire GHQ and data analysis was done at two descriptive (mean, percent, standard deviation) and inferential (Pearson correlation) levels. The results of the study showed that the mean of internet addiction test was (41. 44) in Tehran and (48. 75) in Baku. There was a significant relationship between internet dependency and physical health (r = 0. 280), anxiety (r = 0. 306), r = depression (r = 0. 373), of the internet user students in Tehran and Baku. The mean of internet dependency in Baku users was more than ones in Tehran. There was a significant relationship between mental health and internet dependency. The greater the dependency, the more disorders, anxiety, depression was. Considering the cultural and social similarities between Iran and Azerbaijan, there was no significant difference in the level of mental health and social psychosocial behaviors among the internet user students.

Introduction: The loneliness is explanatory deficiency in establishment relations and bond emotional that can conflict married couples and also effects on internet dependence as a sedative.Therefore this research done the relations ship between loneliness of internet dependence and marital conflict married couples Methods: The study population consisted of all couples living in 6th district of 16region in Tehran.Using Cochran formula, a sample size of 250 couples was selected. The design of this research was descriptive co relational. To collect data was used from the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ), the social and emotional loneliness Scale for adults (SELSA-S), and the Kimberley Young's internet Addiction Questionnaire (1988). Data analysis was done using Pearson correlation coefficient and path analysis.Results: and marital conflict in couples The results of the study showed that there is a relationship between loneliness with internet addiction The results of path analysis show that, the loneliness that predict directly internet dependence and marital conflict. Also the loneliness, present Meaningful prediction of marital conflict to mediation internet addiction.Conclusion: Due to the result loneliness is one of the significant facts in internet dependence and conflict married that should be pay attention during the treatment off conflict married couples and interne dependence.

The purpose of this study is to study the level of religiosity based on internet dependency and belief in a just world among secondary school students in Tehran. The type of research is applied, its technique is surveying and its measurement tool is a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of all second high school students in Tehran. The sample size was 384 by Morgan table and selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The findings of the study, based on a forward-stepwise regression study, showed that "the belief dimension and emotional dimension and the consequential dimension of religiosity" were negatively predictable only on the basis of unfair beliefs with an explanatory factor of 6. 9 and 5. 6 percent, respectively, and 3 percent, respectively It means that by measuring the amount of "unjust world beliefs" in people, one can predict the level of belief and emotional dimension and the consequences of religiosity in them, the impact of the dimensions of just beliefs and even the degree of internet dependency in predicting religious beliefs, The following is a rhymes of religiousness "based on the" beliefs of the unjust world "Negative beliefs and the beliefs of the just world are positive for themselves and in total with a predictive coefficient of 14. 3% (that is, by estimating the amount of unjust beliefs and beliefs of the just world in people, one can predict the degree of religious rituals in the country.

Background and Objectives: Considering the fact that internet is a necessity in today’s life and using the internet for different purposes can lead to addiction and dependence, this research was conducted to determine the level of internet addiction among medical students in Qom University of Medical Sciences.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study, was carried out on all medical students studying in Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2016. In this study, 116 students were selected by convenience sampling. Data collection tool included personal characteristics questionnaire and standard internet addiction questionnaire of Young. Data were analyzed by central statistics indices, independent t-test, and ANOVA, at the significance level of lower than 0.05.Results: In this study, most of the samples were female (68.1%) and the mean age of the participants was 20.5±2.7, and only 10.3% of the participants were married and 60.3% used the internet at home. Also, the majority (57.8%) of the subjects, were mildly dependent on the internet. According to the independent t-test, the mean score of internet addiction was significantly higher in males than females (p=0.001), and it was also significantly higher in singles than the married ones (p=0.001).Conclusion: The results of this research were indicative of high level of internet dependence among the studied students; so that familiarization of the student with internet dependency, proper use of this technology, and its usage management, seem necessary.